![]() ![]() In the 1920s and 1930s, artifacts belonging to the Cro-Magnon, such as pierced bones, bone points, and a needle were found by archaeologist Srečko Brodar in Potok Cave. A pierced cave bear bone, dating from 43100 ± 700 BP, found in 1995 in Divje Babe cave near Cerkno, is considered a kind of flute, and possibly the oldest musical instrument discovered in the world. There is evidence of human habitation from around 250,000 years ago. Present-day Slovenia has been inhabited since prehistoric times. Ljubljana Marshes Wheel dating to Neolithic period is the oldest wooden wheel yet discovered. The prefix "Socialist" was removed from its name on 8 March 199, becoming the Republic of Slovenia, though remaining a constituent state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 25 June 1991, when it enacted the laws resulting in independence. It retained this name until 9 April 1963, when its name was changed again, this time to Socialist Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene: Socialistična republika Slovenija, Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Slovenija / Социјалистичка Република Словенија). The present name of the state was founded as Federal Slovenia (Slovene: Federalna Slovenija, Serbo-Croatian: Federalna Slovenija / Федерална Словенија) until 20 February 1946 under SNOS, when it was renamed the People's Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: Ljudska republika Slovenija, Serbo-Croatian: Narodna Republika Slovenija / Народна Република Словенија). The origin of the name Slav itself remains uncertain. The name Slovenia etymologically means 'land of the Slavs'. ![]() It is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, the Schengen Area, the OSCE, the OECD, the Council of Europe, and NATO. The Gini coefficient rates its income inequality among the lowest in the world. Slovenia is a developed country, with a high-income economy ranking highly in the Human Development Index. In June 1991, Slovenia became the first republic to split from Yugoslavia and become an independent sovereign state. Post-war, Yugoslavia was allied with the Eastern Bloc, but after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact, and in 1961 it became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1945, it again became part of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia, with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a newly declared Nazi puppet state. In December 1918, they merged with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In October 1918, the Slovenes co-founded the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs. Its territory has been part of many different states: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the Illyrian Provinces of Napoleon's First French Empire, the Austrian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic, Germanic, and Romance languages and cultures. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated near the centre of the country. Toward the northeastern Pannonian Basin, a continental climate is more pronounced. The Julian Alps in the northwest have an alpine climate. A sub-mediterranean climate reaches to the northern extensions of the Dinaric Alps that traverse the country in a northwest–southeast direction. Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate, with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. ![]() ![]() Slovene, a South Slavic language, is the official language. Slovenes constitute over 80% of the country's population. Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested, covers 20,271 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi), and has a population of 2.1 million (2,110,547 people). It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.
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